ASNT Radiographic Testing (RT) Level II Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• In what context are gases useful when bombarded by radiation?
• In which scenario is using lead foil screens most advantageous?
• Why must exposure time increase by a factor of four when the source-to-film distance is doubled?
• What can result from using an improper source-to-film distance?
• What is the most common method for cooling the anode of a high-power x-ray tube?
• Which characteristic primarily affects the sharpness of a radiographic image?
• As the energy of radiation increases, what is the trend observed in film graininess?
• What is the function of a radiographic film in RT?
• What type of radiation is primarily used in X-ray radiography?
• What is the term for the unsharpness caused by geometrical factors in radiography?
• Why might it be advantageous to pack lead shot around a specimen during radiographic testing?
• The purpose of filtering in an X-ray tube is primarily to:
• What are two significant obstacles to high-intensity fluoroscopy?
• What defines a monochromatic x-ray beam?
• What additional benefit do screens made of high atomic number materials, such as lead, provide besides filtering?
• What type of photographic material is often used in micro radiographic techniques?
• Which of the following factors influences the penetration power of X-rays?
• A light image of a backing "B" on a processed radiograph is probably caused by what?
• Which factor does not significantly influence the image density of a radiograph?
• What is the clearing time in radiography?
• In radiography, what effect does increasing the kilovoltage generally have on the resulting image?
• What is the function of lead screens in radiography?
• When using high-voltage radiography, lead screens are utilized for what purpose?
• Increasing the energy of x-ray or gamma rays has what effect on the characteristic curve?
• What is the gamma-ray intensity at one foot from a one curie source of radioactive cobalt-60?
• What is the change called when x-rays, gamma rays, light, or electrons strike photographic emulsion?
• Which of the following is a limitation of radiographic testing?
• What material are low voltage x-ray tube windows typically made of?
• What is the most common isotopic source used in gamma radiography?
• To utilize the principles of geometric enlargement, what must be true about the source of radiation?
• When radiographing steel with a thickness of less than one inch, which x-ray source provides greater radiographic sensitivity?
• What is the primary purpose of the x-ray generator controls on the equipment?
• Which of these is a common limitation of using high kVp settings in X-ray imaging?
• In comparison with lower-voltage radiographs, what characteristic do high-energy radiographs show?
• What type of material would be used for an ASTM penetrameter when inspecting a one-half inch thick steel plate at the 2-2T quality level?
• What does kVp stand for in the context of X-ray tube operation?
• Which factor is not considered in determining subject contrast?
• What type of radiation is primarily produced in an x-ray tube?
• Which type of test would be most suitable for detecting voids or inclusions in metals?
• What does the term "rectification" refer to in X-ray equipment?
• Which type of X-ray film has a higher speed?
• How does radiation absorption vary with the thickness of a material?
• What is the estimated maximum practical speed for scanning a test object in conventional fluoroscopic inspection?
• What happens to the clarity of a radiograph as source-to-object distance increases?
• How is the adjustment of tube current made in conventional X-ray tube circuits?
• What role does the atomic number of the material play in x-ray absorption?
• Which gamma-ray source would be most suitable for radiographing a 7-inch thick steel product?
• How do filters placed between the X-ray tube and specimen affect scatter radiation?
• What can cause poor definition in radiographic images?
• An x-ray film that has wide latitude is characterized by which property?
• What contributes to film fogging, which can degrade the quality of radiographs?
• What causes sharp, black, bird-foot shaped marks on radiographs that do not correspond with any discontinuities?
• How do thin sheets of lead foil in contact with film during exposure affect film density?
• What is the purpose of incorporating a sheet of lead foil in the back of x-ray exposure holders and cassettes?
• Which type of glass is most likely used as an x-ray barrier window in fluoroscopic equipment?
• The specific activity of cobalt 60 is dependent on what factor?
• What is the typical purpose of using a grid in radiographic testing?
• To increase latitude for radiographing both thick and thin specimens at reasonable densities, what should be done?
• Which of the following best describes the term 'roentgen' in radiation measurement?
• What is the role of kilovoltage in radiographic techniques involving film?
• The presence of which gas could interfere with the quality of a radiograph?
• How does the physical size of a radioactive source relate to its specific activity?
• If a radiograph made with an exposure of 12mA per minute achieves a density of 0.8, what new exposure time is required to reach a density of 2.0?
• Which mechanism is employed to achieve good cooling of a high-power x-ray tube anode?
• What is the main purpose of circulating oil in certain types of x-ray tubes?
• What does greater latitude in radiographs typically enable for the inspector?
• What causes a background image of the cassette to appear on a radiograph?
• What may happen to films left between lead screens for too long in a high-temperature, high-humidity atmosphere?
• What is the practical thickness limit for a 250 kVp x-ray machine used with a lead foil screen?
• In selecting a source-to-film distance with respect to quality, which of the following factors must be considered?
• What is necessary to accomplish the conversion from alternating current to pulsating direct current in X-ray radiography?
• What is the predominant form of energy conversion that occurs when electrons strike a target in an x-ray tube?
• Which isotope is known to have the longest half-life?
• Which of the following factors mainly influences the geometric unsharpness in radiographic testing?
• What effect does X-ray diffraction in a specimen with large grains have on a radiograph?
• If the radiation level on one side of a 1.5 inch lead plate is 64 R/hr, what would be the radiation level on the opposite side?
• Which component is essential for ensuring unidirectional current in X-ray radiography?
• What happens to the characteristic curve as the development time increases?
• What could a very light irregularly-shaped small image in a pipe weld on a radiograph indicate?
• Which of the following factors does not significantly impact radiographic image quality?
• If an exposure time of 60 seconds is needed at 4 feet, what exposure time would be required at 5 feet for equivalent density?
• What is the recommended hourly flow of water in the wash tank during radiograph processing?
• What does the term "radiographic sensitivity" refer to in the context of film exposure?
• The inherent filtration of an X-ray tube is influenced by which characteristics?
• What is the general method of producing x-rays?
• What does the adjustment of filament current in an X-ray tube primarily control?
• What forms the major portion of an ionization chamber?
• What physical property does a lead foil enhance when used during radiographic exposure?
• Which two factors greatly affect the suitability of target material in an X-ray tube?
• What factors does the kilovoltage applied to X-ray tubes affect?
• What effect does continuous exposure to bright daylight have on a zinc cadmium sulfide fluoroscopic screen?
• What is typically used in micro radiographic techniques?
• What does the latitude of a radiograph indicate?
• Why is it important to control scatter radiation in radiography?
• How does film graininess change as the effective energy of radiation increases up to about 250 kV?
• When does the radiographic absorption of a material become less dependent on its composition?
• What does the central ray need to be in relation to the film according to geometric principles of shadow formation?
• How can excessive subject contrast due to thickness range in a test specimen be corrected?
• What is essential for achieving high resolution in radiographic images?
• If an X-ray tube is rated for a maximum of 250 kVp, what is the maximum voltage it can operate at?
• What is the projected area of the target of an X-ray tube called?
• What primarily prevents the intensity of radiation emitted from an x-ray tube from being exactly proportional to tube current?
• If the voltage used for a radiograph is increased, what may be the result regarding film graininess?
• Which of the following materials could be used as a radiographic film?
• What is the purpose of valve tubes in X-ray equipment?
• When considering x-ray film, what does 'contrast' refer to?
• A 1,000 kVp x-ray machine used with a lead foil screen has an approximate thickness limit of how much steel?
• What is one method of reducing radiographic contrast?
• How is the specific activity of an isotopic source commonly measured?
• Which unit of measurement is used to express the energy of gamma rays?
• When should developer solution be discarded?
• What factors govern the load that can be handled by an x-ray tube focal spot?
• What advantage does an X-ray tube with a small focal spot offer compared to one with a large focal spot?
• What is the function of the X-ray tube filter in radiography?
• Which method may lead to improved radiographic interpretations?
• What is referred to as the average gradient on a film's characteristic curve?
• What is one primary risk associated with exposure to X-ray radiation?
• What term describes the distance between the X-ray source and the film?
• In an x-ray tube, which two components are essential to form the cathode?
• In fluoroscopic testing, what method can be used to increase image brightness?
• What does the term inherent filtration refer to?
• What can easily damage fluoroscopic screens when mounted and used?
• What factors affect the absorption of gamma rays when passing through matter?
• Which source provides the most penetrating radiation?
• What is likely to occur if an X-ray tube operates at too high a temperature?
• Why are X-ray tubes often enclosed in a shockproof casing?
• What is the shape of the characteristic curve of an x-ray film dependent on?
• What is a distinctive characteristic of high-voltage radiography?
• What does the x-ray absorption of a specimen rely on?
• What causes the subjective impression of graininess in processed x-ray film?
• What is the primary purpose of radiographic testing?
• What influences the velocity of electrons striking the target in an x-ray tube?
• How is the quality of fluoroscopic equipment best determined?
• What is the primary purpose of filters used at the port of the X-ray tube?
• When radiographing to the 2-2T quality level, what is the ASTM pentameter thickness for a 2.5 inch steel?
• What is the product of radiation intensity and time known as?
• How do gamma rays commonly used for testing undergo attenuation?
• What happens to image resolution when a faster speed film is substituted for a slower one?
• How can a larger physical size source produce an equivalent quality radiograph?
• What is the approximate thickness of steel that would radiograph equivalently to a 0.5 inch plate of copper?
• What is the most commonly used target material in an X-ray tube?
• A lead sheet containing a pinhole is placed halfway between the x-ray tube and the film. What is the purpose of this setup?
• If a good cobalt-60 radiograph on a 3 inch steel casting requires 10 minutes at a source-to-film distance of 36 inches, what exposure time is needed at 24 inches?
• What is the term for the ability of a material to block or partially block the passage of x-ray and gamma rays?
• If a specimen is radiographed at 40 kV and again at 50 kV with time adjustments for equal density, which statement is true?
• Film contrast refers to the ability to show what, given a change in radiation exposure?
• What term describes the degree of concentration of radioactive material in a gamma-ray source?
• What is the ideal characteristic of the focal spot in an x-ray tube?
• Which factor reduces the clarity of images of discontinuities in a specimen?
• What fundamental principle is based on the fact that each solid crystalline substance produces its own characteristic x-ray pattern?
• What factors influence film selection for an x-ray exposure?
• What is the most common way to minimize operator fatigue during fluoroscopy?
• What is defined as the quantity of radiation that produces one electrostatic unit of electricity in 0.001293 grams of dry air?
• What is the name of a voltage selector consisting of an iron core transformer with taps at various points?
• For a radiograph to have a penetrameter sensitivity of 2-2T or better, what must the radiographic procedure be able to define?
• In radiographic testing, an increase in source size generally leads to what effect on the image?
• Which measurement indicates the effectiveness of a radiographic inspection?
• What does 'kVp' stand for in X-ray imaging?
• Which x-ray generator produces the narrowest cone of x-radiation?
• What is the relationship between the amount of unsharpness in a radiograph and the focal spot size?
• Which characteristic affects the speed of X-ray films?
• Why is having a small focal spot important in x-ray imaging?
• How can mottling caused by diffraction be reduced when radiographing large-grained metallic specimens?
• What does the formula (milliamperes X time) + distance(squared) represent?
• How can mottling due to diffraction be minimized in radiographic images?
• The term 'curie' is associated with which measurement?
• What does geometric enlargement relate to in radiographic testing?
• If two isotopic sources have the same strength but different specific activity values, what can be determined about the source with higher specific activity?
• Which technique variable is most commonly used to adjust subject contrast in radiography?
• What is the approximate practical thickness limit for a cobalt-60 gamma ray source?
• If one curie of iridium-192 produces a dose rate of 5900 mR per hour at one foot, how many mR will ten curies produce at the same distance?
• Which component is essential for enhancing image brightness in fluoroscopic imaging?
• What might cause mottling in a radiograph of a steel weldment?
• What type of radiation is primarily used in radiographic testing?
• To increase radiation intensity while using an X-ray tube, what should be adjusted?
• What happens to the life of an x-ray tube if the focal spot is made too small?
• When cobalt-59 is placed in a nuclear reactor, what particle does it capture to become cobalt-60?
• What is the term used to describe the quantitative measure of film blackening?
• In radiographic testing, what does the term 'focal spot size' refer to?
• What causes the activity of the fixer to diminish over time?
• What is a basic difference between a radiograph and a fluoroscopic image?
• In million-volt radiography, how does filtration at the tube impact radiographic quality?
• What is the purpose of including a rapidly rotating disc-shaped target in some X-ray tubes?
• What fundamental concept underlies the measurement of backscatter radiation in radiography?